Diabetic ketoacidosis.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes mellitus caused  by the build-up of ketones which are by-products of fat metabolism. The latest takes place, when glucose is not available as a fuel source for the
cells or even if it is available, it cannot be used by them because of inadequate amount
of insulin in the blood stream.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute, dangerous complication and it is always considered a
medical emergency.
Ketoacidosis occurs, when the blood gets more acidic than body tissues. In this case,
ketones can be traced, if urine test is
done.
Diabetic ketoacidosis may lead to the initial diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, as it is often the first symptom that makes
the person to seek medical advice. It can also be the result of increased insulin needs,
in a person already diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The condition is rare in people with
type 2 diabetes. Stress, infections, trauma, heart
attack or surgery can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis.
Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Characteristic symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include frequent urination and
thirst, muscle aching and stiffness, mental stupor and fast breathing. The breath has
some "sweet", fruity odor.
General symptoms that may accompany the condition include vomiting, headache, impaired
consciousness, difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite, low blood pressure, rapid heart
rate and pain in the abdomen.
Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.
The first action must aim to correct the low insulin level in the blood, by providing
additional amounts of the hormone. The next goal of the treatment is to restore fluids
and electrolytes that have been lost because of excessive urination and vomiting.
Finally, the cause of the condition must be identified and treated accordingly.
An individual with diabetes may be able to recognize the early warning signs and make the
appropriate corrections at home, before the condition gets too serious. For instance, the
person might proceed to an additional fast acting insulin injection. However, a blood
glucose measurement or a doctor must be contacted, before the injection is done. These
two are very important because if the symptoms are misunderstood and they occur due to
another cause, the additional insulin may result in hypoglycemic episode.
If diabetic ketoacidosis is severe, hospitalization is necessary.
Prognosis of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Diabetic ketoacidosis if untreated may lead to coma and death. Improved therapy for
young diabetics has decreased the death rate associated with this condition. However, it
remains a major risk in the elderly and in people, who fall into a profound coma, when
treatment is not applied in time. 
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